LTE-NR spectrum sharing will make the transition from LTE to NR very smooth and it can be flexibly adapted according to the gradual increase of NR capable devices. In this step, the compatibility of LTE and NR which allows for e.g. With the market introduction of NR now and the superior NR capabilities, a refarming of spectrum toward NR is expected for the future. A general trend that is seen globally, is that 2G and 3G spectrum allocations are stepwise migrated to LTE. LTE or NR in the coming future, an introduction of EC-GSM-IoT seems a questionable choice, as any long-term EC-GSM-IoT users would require maintaining the GSM infrastructure operational for a long time. If an operator intends to transition GSM deployments to e.g. As a result, the decision of the cellular IoT technology is also coupled to the operator's long-term strategy for mobile networks focusing on telephony and mobile broadband services. This expectation should be addressed with a cellular IoT network. For IoT, it is expected that many services expect a long lifetime of e.g. The LTE-NR coexistence flexibility also enables to migrate an LTE carrier to NR, while continuing LTE-M or NB-IoT devices with long device lifetime to continue operation within the NR carrier after the migration. In general, it is possible to share a carrier between NR and LTE, where the resources being used for LTE or NR transmission can be dynamically adapted. This means that LTE-M and NB-IoT can be embedded into an NR carrier in a similar way as they are today integrated into an LTE carrier. NR has been designed to allow efficient interworking with LTE (including LTE-M) and NB-IoT. This implies that the introduction of the cellular IoT into the market can be realized by operators rather quickly and at a low total cost of ownership. #NGU INDUSTRIES MOBILE SOFTWARE UPGRADE#In most network configurations, it can be expected that the deployment of EC-GSM-IoT, LTE-M and NB-IoT can be realized as a software upgrade to the deployed GSM or LTE networks. LTE-M and NB-IoT can be deployed based on LTE infrastructure and by using the LTE spectrum LTE network and spectrum resources would be shared between LTE, LTE-M and NB-IoT usage. The GSM network resources and the GSM spectrum would be shared between GSM usage and EC-GSM-IoT usage. EC-GSM-IoT can be deployed based on a GSM infrastructure and by using GSM spectrum. When looking at the cellular IoT technology options, the following characteristics can be identified which will influence an operator's decision.Īs a baseline, we assume that there is a very large incentive by an operator to reuse existing mobile network infrastructure for deploying any of the cellular IoT technologies. Even if the decision is largely made per country, an operator may want to harmonize decisions over multiple regions in which it operates networks. However, several operators are active in multiple countries and even on multiple continents. It shall be noted that the above questions are raised from a perspective of the operation of an operator network in a specific country. What IoT segment would the operator like to address? What is the market maturity for IoT services? ○ as a connectivity provider or also as a service provider/enabler)? ○ What services are planned to be provided, and on what roles does the operator intend to take (e.g. What is the strategic intent of an operator concerning IoT?. What is the network buildout of competing operators and what is their market share?. What is the status of the existing network buildout for different radio technologies, in particular GSM and LTE, and what is the number of mobile devices and projected growth for each specific technology?. How long are the existing spectrum licenses valid, what technologies are allowed to be operated in the spectrum, and when is a new spectrum re-allocation process planned by the regulator?. In general, any network build-out roadmap by an operator is a long-term decision and needs to consider at least the following elements:. On expiry of a spectrum license, a spectrum licensing contest, like a spectrum auction, is initiated by the regulator for providing a new spectrum license. A return on investment for an extremely high network installation cost of a new technology can be planned over a long time period. 20 years this is motivated by providing network operators with an economic safety. #NGU INDUSTRIES MOBILE LICENSE#In addition, a mobile network operator has a spectrum license from typically a national regulator, which gives rights to operate a network in the assigned spectrum.
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