RawTherapee shows you the real raw data which may mean your photos appear dark, so it is up to you whether you apply the required exposure increase and how you go about doing so, whether by using the Exposure Compensation slider or one of the various tone curves. When your camera (or other software) processes the raw file it increases exposure compensation by the same amount, making the brightness appear correct and hoping to recover some highlights in the process. Most cameras also underexpose every photo you take by anywhere from -0.3EV to even -1.3EV or more, in order to gain headroom in the highlights. Some cameras, particularly low-end ones and Micro Four-Thirds system, may also apply lens distortion correction to not only fix barrel and pincushion distortion but also to hide severe vignetting problems. Exactly what gets applied depends on the choices your camera's engineers and management made, but usually this includes a custom tone curve, saturation boost, sharpening and noise reduction. Even if you set all the processing features your camera's firmware allows you to tweak to their neutral, "0" positions, what you see is still not an unprocessed image. It processes the raw image in many ways before presenting you with the histogram and the preview on your camera's digital display.
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